From : Fox Intellectual Property <[email protected]>
Sent : April 15, 2005 5:56:29 PM
To : <[email protected]>
Subject : Domain Names Infringing on Fox Intellectual Property
April 12, 2005
VIA COURIER AND ELECTRONIC MAIL
Re: Domain Names Infringing on Fox Intellectual Property
Dear Mr. xxx:
As you are aware, xxx is an upcoming television series TLC. Fox Television Studios, Inc. ("Fox") is the exclusive owner of all intellectual property rights, including but not limited to, copyright and trademark rights associated with the R U the Girl ("Fox Property") television series.
It has recently come to our attention that you registered the Internet domain names<xxx.COM>and<xxx.COM> (the "Infringing Registrations"). Your registration and exploitation of the Infringing Registrations is of the utmost concern to Fox, and your activities constitute "passing off," as consumers may erroneously believe that the Infringing Registrations and any services and/or on-line activities conducted in association therewith, are licensed, sponsored or authorized by Fox. Therefore, Fox demands that you immediately transfer the Infringing Registrations to Fox.
Your actions may fall within the scope of the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act ("ACPA"), which amends the Federal Trademark Dilution Act (to add Section 43(d) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. ç 1125(d)). See Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. WWWFOXKIDS.COM, No. S-00-1987 (D.Md., Baltimore Div., Order dated October 24, 2000), where the Court ordered the registrar to transfer the domain name to Fox under the In Rem provision of the ACPA. The legislation creates liability for those persons who, without regard to the goods and services of others, have a bad faith intent to profit from a mark and register a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to that mark. Furthermore, the legislation provides factors to guide a court in its determination of a defendantââ¬â¢s bad faith. Those factors include, but are not limited to:
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s registration or acquisition of multiple domain names which the person knows are identical or similar to the trademarks of others that are distinctive at the time of registration of the domain names;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s pattern and practice of conduct that indicates bad faith;
÷ the extent to which the trademark incorporated in the domain name is distinctive and famous;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s intent to divert consumers from the trademark ownerââ¬â¢s online locations, which could harm the goodwill represented by the trademark, for commercial gain, by creating a likelihood of confusion as to the source, sponsorship or endorsement of the site;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s trademark rights in the domain name (if any);
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s offer to transfer, sell or otherwise assign the domain name to the trademark owner or any third party for financial gain without having used or having the intent to use the domain name for the bona fide offering of any goods or services;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s prior use (prior to receiving actual notice of the rights of the trademark owner) of the domain name in connection with the bona fide offering of goods and services; and
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s bona fide noncommercial or fair use of the mark in a site accessible under the domain name prior to receiving actual notice from the trademark owner.
These factors were considered in the case of Sportyââ¬â¢s Farm L.L.C. v. Sportsmanââ¬â¢s Market, Inc., 202 F. 3d 489 (2nd Cir. 2000), where the court held that the defendant had a bad faith intent to profit from the plaintiffââ¬â¢s mark. Id. at 498. See also Electronic Boutique Holding Corp. v. Zuccarini, Civ. Action No.: 00-4055 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 3, 2000). Furthermore, please note that as your registration of the Infringing Registrations post-dates the enactment of this legislation, the ACPA provides that statutory damages of no less than $1,000 and up to $100,000 per domain name could be assessed against you, if you are found liable thereunder.
In addition, as a result of this legislation, and in conjunction with the ICANN Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy ("UDRP"), the World Intellectual Property Organization and the National Arbitration Forum have issued a number of decisions with regard to domain name misuse. In over 80% of these cases, the decisions have resulted in orders transferring domain names from registrants, whose intent was to trade off of well-known trademarks, to the rightful trademark owners. Under the above-referenced UDRP, individuals have been ordered to delete or transfer domain names such as worldwrestlingfederation.com, alcoholicanonymous.net, and bigdog.com to their rightful owners. In fact, Fox and its related companies have secured the return of numerous domain names, pursuant to similar decisions. See Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. This Name Is For Sale -Make An Offer to: [email protected] Make An Offer For This Domain Contact: [email protected] ([email protected]), FA0407000296328 (Nat. Arb. Forum, August 27, 2004), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Alienvspredator Music Tracker, FA0407000296332 (Nat. Arb. Forum, August 26, 2004), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. The Cupcake Patrol aka John Zuccarini, FA0403000245963 (Nat. Arb. Forum, May 24, 2004), Fox News Network, LLC v. Kenneth A. Young, D2003-0407 (WIPO, July 17, 2003), Fox News Network, LLC v. Pro-Life Domains Inc., D2003-0335 (WIPO, July 2, 2003, Fox News Network, LLC v. Reid, D2002-1085 (WIPO, February 18, 2003), Fox News Network, LLC v. Michele Dinoia, D2002-1082 (WIPO, February 9, 2003), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Michele Dinoia, FA0212000135643 (Nat. Arb. Forum, February 3, 2003), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Leonard Rogan, FA0112000102952, (Nat. Arb. Forum, February 15, 2002), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Cupcake Confidential a/k/a John Zuccarini, FA0011000096118, (Nat. Arb. Forum, January 18, 2001), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. DVD Monthly, D2000-1355, (WIPO, January 16, 2001), Fox Group Legal/Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Yomtobian, FA0010000095839, (Nat. Arb. Forum, Dec. 18, 2000), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. CDP and Marc Yu, FA0005000094827, (Nat. Arb. Forum, July 7, 2000) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. David Risser, FA0002000093761, (Nat. Arb. Forum, May 18, 2000) which are available at http://icann.org/udrp/proceedings-list.htm.
In addition to "passing off," your registration of the Infringing Registrations also constitutes "initial interest confusion," which is prohibited by federal law. Brookfield Communications v. West Coast Ent., 174 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 1999). In accordance with the Brookfield case, the Infringing Registrations draw "hits" by virtue of your use of the R U THE GIRL trademark as a domain name. Each such "hit" misleads persons looking for an officially sanctioned Fox site. Even more detrimental is the fact that when a consumer attempts to access the sites associated with the Infringing Registrations, the sites contain a placeholder from godaddy.com, thereby causing consumers to believe that Fox does not have an official site affiliated with the Fox Property.
Through your receipt of this letter, you have actual notice that your actions constitute "passing off," initial interest confusion, trademark infringement, unfair competition, a violation of the ICANN UDRP and a violation of the ACPA. We hereby suggest that you should agree to immediately transfer the Infringing Registrations to Fox. For your convenience, we have enclosed the required transfer documents ("Transfer Documents") for the transfer of the Infringing Registrations from you to Fox. Please complete the Transfer Documents, have the Transfer Documents notarized, and return them to Fox at the address listed above within 7 days, so that we may resolve this matter without delay. We would also request that you immediately refrain from registering any other domain names which infringe the rights of Fox, and that you inform us if you currently own any other domain names which infringe the rights of Fox.
This letter is not a complete statement of the rights of Fox in connection with this matter, or of Fox's potential claims against you, and nothing contained herein is intended, nor should be construed as an express or implied waiver of any rights, remedies, or defenses of Fox in connection with this matter, all of which are expressly reserved.
Yours truly,
Fox Intellectual Property Department
Sent : April 15, 2005 5:56:29 PM
To : <[email protected]>
Subject : Domain Names Infringing on Fox Intellectual Property
April 12, 2005
VIA COURIER AND ELECTRONIC MAIL
Re: Domain Names Infringing on Fox Intellectual Property
Dear Mr. xxx:
As you are aware, xxx is an upcoming television series TLC. Fox Television Studios, Inc. ("Fox") is the exclusive owner of all intellectual property rights, including but not limited to, copyright and trademark rights associated with the R U the Girl ("Fox Property") television series.
It has recently come to our attention that you registered the Internet domain names<xxx.COM>and<xxx.COM> (the "Infringing Registrations"). Your registration and exploitation of the Infringing Registrations is of the utmost concern to Fox, and your activities constitute "passing off," as consumers may erroneously believe that the Infringing Registrations and any services and/or on-line activities conducted in association therewith, are licensed, sponsored or authorized by Fox. Therefore, Fox demands that you immediately transfer the Infringing Registrations to Fox.
Your actions may fall within the scope of the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act ("ACPA"), which amends the Federal Trademark Dilution Act (to add Section 43(d) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. ç 1125(d)). See Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. WWWFOXKIDS.COM, No. S-00-1987 (D.Md., Baltimore Div., Order dated October 24, 2000), where the Court ordered the registrar to transfer the domain name to Fox under the In Rem provision of the ACPA. The legislation creates liability for those persons who, without regard to the goods and services of others, have a bad faith intent to profit from a mark and register a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to that mark. Furthermore, the legislation provides factors to guide a court in its determination of a defendantââ¬â¢s bad faith. Those factors include, but are not limited to:
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s registration or acquisition of multiple domain names which the person knows are identical or similar to the trademarks of others that are distinctive at the time of registration of the domain names;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s pattern and practice of conduct that indicates bad faith;
÷ the extent to which the trademark incorporated in the domain name is distinctive and famous;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s intent to divert consumers from the trademark ownerââ¬â¢s online locations, which could harm the goodwill represented by the trademark, for commercial gain, by creating a likelihood of confusion as to the source, sponsorship or endorsement of the site;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s trademark rights in the domain name (if any);
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s offer to transfer, sell or otherwise assign the domain name to the trademark owner or any third party for financial gain without having used or having the intent to use the domain name for the bona fide offering of any goods or services;
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s prior use (prior to receiving actual notice of the rights of the trademark owner) of the domain name in connection with the bona fide offering of goods and services; and
÷ the domain name registrantââ¬â¢s bona fide noncommercial or fair use of the mark in a site accessible under the domain name prior to receiving actual notice from the trademark owner.
These factors were considered in the case of Sportyââ¬â¢s Farm L.L.C. v. Sportsmanââ¬â¢s Market, Inc., 202 F. 3d 489 (2nd Cir. 2000), where the court held that the defendant had a bad faith intent to profit from the plaintiffââ¬â¢s mark. Id. at 498. See also Electronic Boutique Holding Corp. v. Zuccarini, Civ. Action No.: 00-4055 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 3, 2000). Furthermore, please note that as your registration of the Infringing Registrations post-dates the enactment of this legislation, the ACPA provides that statutory damages of no less than $1,000 and up to $100,000 per domain name could be assessed against you, if you are found liable thereunder.
In addition, as a result of this legislation, and in conjunction with the ICANN Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy ("UDRP"), the World Intellectual Property Organization and the National Arbitration Forum have issued a number of decisions with regard to domain name misuse. In over 80% of these cases, the decisions have resulted in orders transferring domain names from registrants, whose intent was to trade off of well-known trademarks, to the rightful trademark owners. Under the above-referenced UDRP, individuals have been ordered to delete or transfer domain names such as worldwrestlingfederation.com, alcoholicanonymous.net, and bigdog.com to their rightful owners. In fact, Fox and its related companies have secured the return of numerous domain names, pursuant to similar decisions. See Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. This Name Is For Sale -Make An Offer to: [email protected] Make An Offer For This Domain Contact: [email protected] ([email protected]), FA0407000296328 (Nat. Arb. Forum, August 27, 2004), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Alienvspredator Music Tracker, FA0407000296332 (Nat. Arb. Forum, August 26, 2004), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. The Cupcake Patrol aka John Zuccarini, FA0403000245963 (Nat. Arb. Forum, May 24, 2004), Fox News Network, LLC v. Kenneth A. Young, D2003-0407 (WIPO, July 17, 2003), Fox News Network, LLC v. Pro-Life Domains Inc., D2003-0335 (WIPO, July 2, 2003, Fox News Network, LLC v. Reid, D2002-1085 (WIPO, February 18, 2003), Fox News Network, LLC v. Michele Dinoia, D2002-1082 (WIPO, February 9, 2003), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Michele Dinoia, FA0212000135643 (Nat. Arb. Forum, February 3, 2003), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Leonard Rogan, FA0112000102952, (Nat. Arb. Forum, February 15, 2002), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Cupcake Confidential a/k/a John Zuccarini, FA0011000096118, (Nat. Arb. Forum, January 18, 2001), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. DVD Monthly, D2000-1355, (WIPO, January 16, 2001), Fox Group Legal/Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Yomtobian, FA0010000095839, (Nat. Arb. Forum, Dec. 18, 2000), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. CDP and Marc Yu, FA0005000094827, (Nat. Arb. Forum, July 7, 2000) and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. David Risser, FA0002000093761, (Nat. Arb. Forum, May 18, 2000) which are available at http://icann.org/udrp/proceedings-list.htm.
In addition to "passing off," your registration of the Infringing Registrations also constitutes "initial interest confusion," which is prohibited by federal law. Brookfield Communications v. West Coast Ent., 174 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 1999). In accordance with the Brookfield case, the Infringing Registrations draw "hits" by virtue of your use of the R U THE GIRL trademark as a domain name. Each such "hit" misleads persons looking for an officially sanctioned Fox site. Even more detrimental is the fact that when a consumer attempts to access the sites associated with the Infringing Registrations, the sites contain a placeholder from godaddy.com, thereby causing consumers to believe that Fox does not have an official site affiliated with the Fox Property.
Through your receipt of this letter, you have actual notice that your actions constitute "passing off," initial interest confusion, trademark infringement, unfair competition, a violation of the ICANN UDRP and a violation of the ACPA. We hereby suggest that you should agree to immediately transfer the Infringing Registrations to Fox. For your convenience, we have enclosed the required transfer documents ("Transfer Documents") for the transfer of the Infringing Registrations from you to Fox. Please complete the Transfer Documents, have the Transfer Documents notarized, and return them to Fox at the address listed above within 7 days, so that we may resolve this matter without delay. We would also request that you immediately refrain from registering any other domain names which infringe the rights of Fox, and that you inform us if you currently own any other domain names which infringe the rights of Fox.
This letter is not a complete statement of the rights of Fox in connection with this matter, or of Fox's potential claims against you, and nothing contained herein is intended, nor should be construed as an express or implied waiver of any rights, remedies, or defenses of Fox in connection with this matter, all of which are expressly reserved.
Yours truly,
Fox Intellectual Property Department