I'll take question 2, for 10 dnforum bucks, Alex...
"I grew up with a guy called John Ford - why should Ford cars have exclusive use of his surname?"
They don't have exclusive use of his surname. They have exclusive use of the mark "Ford" in connection with their goods and services. Nobody hassles the Betty Ford clinic, or the Ford modeling agency, about their use of the term. But the auto company isn't treating alcoholics (other than providing them with air bags)
There is not, however, a presumptive right to use your personal name as a trademark if there is a senior user in the relevant field of goods or services.
For an example of this principle, you might check the federal court decision relating to the domain name fordfinancialservices.com. It was owned by a person named Ford who was in the financial services business. However, the auto company also provides finance services. Guess who won?